Modal Retributivism: A Theory of Sanctions for Attempts and Other Criminal Wrongs

Public Wrongs and the Criminal Law

1. The idea that crimes are public wrongs is a well-established one within the field of law. Its role in English Law was explicitly affirmed by Blackstone in his Commentaries on the Laws of England. Recently, the idea of ‘public wrongs’ has also gained prominence among those working on the normative issues in criminalization, most notably in the works by Duff and Marshall. I have no intention t...

Criminal Attempts

The intuitive idea that failed attempts to complete crimes are often themselves crimes belies the complexity and confusion surrounding the adjudication of criminal attempts. This Article offers an account of the grounds for the criminalization of attempt that provides the courts with sorely needed substantive guidance about precisely which kinds of behavior constitute a criminal attempt. The Ar...

the innovation of a statistical model to estimate dependable rainfall (dr) and develop it for determination and classification of drought and wet years of iran

آب حاصل از بارش منبع تأمین نیازهای بی شمار جانداران به ویژه انسان است و هرگونه کاهش در کم و کیف آن مستقیماً حیات موجودات زنده را تحت تأثیر منفی قرار می دهد. نوسان سال به سال بارش از ویژگی های اساسی و بسیار مهم بارش های سالانه ایران محسوب می شود که آثار زیان بار آن در تمام عرصه های اقتصادی، اجتماعی و حتی سیاسی- امنیتی به نحوی منعکس می شود. چون میزان آب ناشی از بارش یکی از مولفه های اصلی برنامه ...

Faking It: Criminal Sanctions and the Cost of Computer Intrusions

Thoroughly and consistently calculating losses from computer intrusions is a difficult endeavor because security incidents are characterized by intangible harms like interference with system availability and interference with the integrity of data. These harms can be difficult to translate into monetary terms. More easily measured are labor and hardware costs associated with repairing and resto...

"Unnatural deaths," criminal sanctions, and medical quality improvement in Japan.